| LICENSEE | This data is not available for free |
| LICENSOR | This data is not available for free |
| LITERATURE REF. | This data is not available for free |
| PATENT NUMBER | This data is not available for free |
| PATENT GRANT DATE | July 4, 1995 |
| PATENT TITLE |
Methods for preventing weight loss, reduction in weight gain, and anorexia due to immune stimulation |
| PATENT ABSTRACT | Animal feed or human food which contains added conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) can enhance growth and prevent anorexia and weight loss due to immune stimulation (e.g., endotoxin exposure) and the adverse effects of catabolic hormones (i.e., IL-1). Methods of treatment using CLA also are disclosed |
| PATENT INVENTORS | This data is not available for free |
| PATENT ASSIGNEE | This data is not available for free |
| PATENT FILE DATE | April 29, 1992 |
| PATENT REFERENCES CITED |
The Merck Index 10th Ed. No. 5332, 1983. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 5th Ed. pp. 1340-1343 and 1374-1379, 1980. Y. L. Ha; N., K. Grimm and M. W. Pariza, in Carcinogenesis, vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 1881-1887 (1987). Y. L. Ha; N., K. Grimm and M. W. Pariza, in J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 75-81 (1987). M. W. Pariza, Food Research Institute 1988 Annual Fall Meeting, Oct. 12, 1988 |
| PATENT GOVERNMENT INTERESTS | This invention was made with United States Government support awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Hatch Funds. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention |
| PATENT CLAIMS |
We claim: 1. A method of preventing weight loss, reduction in weight gain or anorexia in an animal caused by immune stimulation of the animal by endotoxin, said method comprising administering orally or parenterally to said animal a safe amount of a member selected from a conjugated linoleic acid, free linoleic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, said amount being effective to prevent the weight loss, reduction in weight gain or anorexia caused by the immune stimulation. 2. A method of claim 1 in which the animal is a bird. 3. A method of claim 1 in which the conjugated linoleic acid is selected from 9,11-octadecadienoic acid and 10,12-octadecadienoic acid. 4. A method of alleviating the adverse catabolic effects produced by a product of the immune system which is released after immune stimulation of an animal by endotoxin, said method comprising orally or parenterally administering to said animal a safe amount of a member selected from a conjugated linoleic acid, free linoleic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, said amount being effective to alleviate said adverse catabolic effects produced by a product of the immune system. 5. A method of claim 4 in which the conjugated linoleic acid is selected from 9,11-octadecadienoic acid and 10,12-octadecadienoic acid. 6. A method of alleviating the adverse catabolic effects produced by interleukin-1, said method comprising administering orally or parenterally to an animal a safe amount of a member selected from a conjugated linoleic acid, free linoleic acid, salts thereof and mixtures thereof, said amount being effective to alleviate said adverse catabolic effects. 7. A method for improving an animal food so as to prevent the weight loss, the reduction in weight gain or the anorexia which can be caused by immune stimulation of an animal by endotoxin, said method comprising adding to an animal food a member selected from 9,11-octadecadienoic acid; 10, 12-octadecadienoic acid; and mixtures thereof, so that the food contains about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight of the food, said amount being effective when the food is fed to an animal to prevent the weight loss, the reduction in weight gain or the anorexia caused by immune stimulation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| PATENT DESCRIPTION |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present application generally relates to an animal feed additive and a pharmacologic agent for use in humans. More particularly, it relates to a feed additive/pharmacologic agent which prevents weight loss or reduction in the rate of weight gain and to methods relating to its use. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Researchers have observed anorexia and weight loss or reduction in weight gain in humans and animals that have been exposed to immune stimulants, such as endotoxin (LPS). The intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (i.e. endotoxin) into chickens decreases food intake and growth rate for 24 hours, alters nutrient metabolism, and induces fever. Recent studies (Klasing et al., 1987, J Nutr. 117:1629) have confirmed that the vaccination of domestic fowl with several immune stimulants also can result in a substantial reduction in feed intake and induce weight loss or decreases in weight gain. In a study recently conducted with white Pekin ducks, two vaccinations reduced final carcass weight by as much as 0.4 lbs./bird and breast meat by 0.075 lbs./bird. Broilers and Single Comb White Leghorns (egg laying chickens) also have been observed to have reduced weight gains following immune stimulation. The potential losses due to immune stimulation costs the poultry industry millions of dollars per year. At the present time, antibiotics are used to prevent such weight loss but the use of antibiotics for this purpose is expensive and not without disadvantages. In a similar manner anorexia, weight loss, and reduced growth of humans that are subjected to chronic immune stimulation because of infections, surgery, or exposure to immune stimulants is devastating to health and well being. The mechanism by which immune stimulation causes anorexia, weight loss and reduced growth is known to be mediated by catabolic hormones released following immune stimulation (i.e., macrophage cytokine known as interleukin-1 or IL-1). The production of IL-1 from macrophages simultaneously stimulates T-cells to release IL-2, an anticarcinogenic compound which is desirable, but the release of IL-1 and other catabolic hormones from stimulated macrophages and possibly other immune-regulated cells induces an undesirable systemic reduction in skeletal muscle synthesis and increased muscle degradation resulting in weight loss or a decline in weight gain. Thus, while IL-1 and related immune hormones are essential cytokines for immune function, their systemic hormonal effects are devastating and have prevented its acceptance for immune therapy. There is a need for feed additives, pharmacologic agents, and methods which can enhance growth and prevent the weight loss and anorexia that follows immune stimulation. There also is a need for a feed additive, pharmacologic agent, and method that can counteract the adverse effects of IL-1 and other hormones that induce tissue catabolism. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to disclose a feed additive, pharmacologic agent, and methods of using the feed additive and pharmacologic agent which prevent the weight loss and anorexia following immune stimulation. It also is an object to disclose a method to counteract the adverse effects of catabolic hormones, such as IL-1. We have discovered that the conjugated linoleic acids 9,11-octadecadienoic acid and 10,12-octadecadienoic acid (CLA) are valuable animal feed additives and potential pharmacologic agents which can enhance growth and prevent the weight loss that follows immune stimulation in animals, including humans..We also have discovered that the administration of safe and effective amounts of CLA to an animal can prevent the adverse effects of immune stimulation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the forementioned objects and other advantages may be achieved by the practice of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In a preferred embodiment of the invention a safe and effective amount of CLA is added to the food of an animal or human which has been or may be subjected to vaccination or other exposure to immune stimulants. The amount of CLA to be used as a feed or food additive is an amount which is safe and effective under conditions of use to prevent weight loss and/or enhance the growth of the animal to which it is administered. Because of the difference in size and susceptibility of animals and humans to the adverse effects of immune stimulation the amounts which are safe and effective will vary considerably. However, since CLA is a natural food ingredient and it is relatively non-toxic, the amount which can be administered is not critical as long as it is enough to be effective. |
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| PATENT PHOTOCOPY | Available on request |
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