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demonstrated that field-effect transistors (FETs) could be fashioned from carbon nanotubes. FETs are a type of switch in which a semiconducting channel bridges two electrodes designated "source" and "drain." Current flow between these electrodes is controlled by a third electrode known as a "gate." By applying a voltage to the gate, the semiconductor's state can be changed--reversibly--from insulating to conducting, thereby switching the transistor on or off. In conventional FETs, the bridging channel is made of silicon. In nanotube devices, the channel is a single carbon nanotube
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