| LACCASE | polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.2) which catalyses the oxidation of a variety of inorganic and aromatic compounds, particularly phenols, with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. |
| LACTOFERRIN | Iron binding protein of very high affinity (Kd 10exp 19 at pH 6.4, 26 fold greater than that of transferrin) found in milk and in the specific granules of neutrophil leucocytes |
| LADDERANE | A chain of fused cyclobutane rings |
| LANGERHANS CELL | Skin cells that modulate immune response |
| LANGERHAUS CELL | See Islet Cells. Pancreas cells that produce insulin |
| LANTIBIOTICS | Peptide-based compds produced by bacteria that live on lactic acid. They are characterized by the presence of rings formed by 2 unusual double-headed amino acids - lanthionine & methyllanthionine that contain thioether bridges |
| LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS | Hypothalamus's region involved in Appetite stimulation |
| LATERAL THINKING | Tool In Which A "Provocation" Jolts The Mind Out Of Its Normal Pattern Of Thought. The Provocation Is "An Idea Related To The Pro blem You Are Tackling, But It Makes Absolutely No SEnse" |
| LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST SYSTEM | A left ventricular assist system (LVAS) is a medical device designed to treat end-stage congestive heart failure. An LVAS can be implanted inside the body or reside outside of the body. It typically consists of a pump and several accessories or components to support the pump. An LVAS is a mechanical pump intended to assist a weak heart that cannot efficiently pump blood on its own. By decreasing the workload of the heart, it helps to maintain sufficient blood flow and blood pressure. |
| LEGIONNAIRES DISEASE | Legionnaires´ Disease is caused by Legionella pneumophila and is characterized as an acute febrile respiratory illness ranging in severity from mild illness to fatal pneumonia. The disease occurs in both epidemic and endemic forms and sporadic cases are not easily differentiated from other respiratory infections by clinical symptoms. Legionella pneumophila is responsible for 80 - 90 % of reported cases of Legionella infection with serogroup 1 accounting for greater than 70 % of all legionellosis |
| LENNOX GASTAUT SYNDROME | A rare and catastrophic form of epilepsy, LGS is characterized by several seizure types and represents approximately three to 10 percent of all childhood epilepsies.3 Onset typically occurs between three and 10 years of age. Drop attacks are frequent in LGS and responsible for most injuries associated with falls. Up to 90 percent of children with LGS are affected by mental retardation and these children commonly experience behavioral and sleep disturbances as well |
| LENTIVIRUS | complex retroviruses which, based on their higher level of complexity, can integrate into the genome of nonproliferating cells and modulate their life cycles, as in the course of latent infection |
| LEPROSY | Leprosy is an infectious disease that has been known since biblical times. It is characterized by disfiguring skin sores, peripheral nerve damage, and progressive debilitation |
| LEUCITE | Crystalline K Al Silicate [K2O.Al2O3.4SiO2] |
| LEUKOPENIA | An Abnormal Decrease in Number of Circulating White Blood Cells. In the majority of cases; the problem appears due to ingestion of chemical toxic substances that affect the bone marrow, where these cells are produced. Particularly the NEUTROPHILE cells are affected; responsible for defending the organism against pathogenic bacteria. Due to this, individual suffering from leukopenia, & that produces < than 1000 neutrophiles/cubic.ml develops infections with facility |
| LEUKOPHERESIS | Lymphocyte Removal from Patients |
| LEWY BODIES | One such thesis concerns the identity of the toxic agent in Parkinson's disease. For years, most researchers have backed the notion that clumps of long amyloid fibrils located in the brain and other organs are responsible for killing neurons and other cells in patients who have these conditions. in Parkinson's, they're called Lewy bodies and contain the protein alpha-synuclein. |
| LG | Querido Tommy, Eu gostaria de te dizer algo: durante estes anos todos eu tenho vivido uma vida extremamente correta e transparente e nunca fui falada em qualquer lugar por qualquer deslize de caráter ou de atitude. Em pouco tempo fui colocada no centro de sua vida familiar como foco de todos os seus problemas familiares entre você e sua mulher. Sua mulher tem meu telefone, liga na minha casa, diz que vai ao Lar fazer escândalo, sendo que eu tenho sido apenas sua amiga e pouco nos conhecemos realmente. Nada poderia ser dito de você ou de mim em relação ao seu ou ao meu comportamento quanto a manutenção de seu contrato matrimonial e de respeito conjugal com a pessoa com quem vive. De um minuto para o outro eu tenho sido o centro das atenções de sua casa, das terapias, dos momentos em que você sai de casa para tomar um cafezinho ou me acompanhar ao ponto como se eu fosse realmente o grande pivô de sua separação. Tenho desejado e tido uma vida tranquila e calma desde que me empenhei durante alguns anos para superar sérios problemas com meu desenlace, os quais felizmente saí vitoriosa. Mesmo que você se separe neste mês próximo eu tomei a seguinte decisão: tenho muito a estudar e trabalhar porque minha vida não poderá parar nesse sentido e preciso concretizar as coisas que já tenho começado e dar conta de minha existência. Não quero nem posso estar envolvida nesse rolo conjugal do qual não faço parte. Eu tenho de continuar na minha estrada pois já cheguei até aqui e não conseguiria aguentar uma mulher insegura e ferida, acusando-me com mentiras nas minhas costas, a cada cafezinho que você decidisse tomar com sua boa amiga, mesmo depois que assinasse a sua separação. Eu continuaria sendo a culpada de toda a sua separação injustamente e seria difícil para mim viver com isso. Acho que vocês dois tem que decidir como vai ser a vida de vocês daqui para a frente, ou juntos ou sozinhos e enfrentar todo esse tranco por vocês mesmos e a solidão que isso envolve, que às vezes pode ser melhor, se assumida, sem amarrar-se a ninguém por necessidade ou culpar ninguém, seguindo as suas vidas conforme suas decisões. Uma terapia de casal poderia mostrar-lhes realmente o quanto é possível continuar ou não sem ter ninguém como possível causa de seus problemas. Ajudaria a se conhecer melhor e identificar as reais causas. Daí para a frente só D'us sabe o que traz a cada um. Você continua sendo um grande amigo e uma pessoa muito querida, cheia de amor para dividir com as pessoas, e com grande espírito, mas deve deixar claro para a sua mulher que eu saí do caminho de vocês e de suas brigas e que vocês dois vão ter que dar conta de suas decisões por vocês mesmos e encarar suas vidas. Agradeço pelo lindo livro que vou guardar com carinho. Um beijo. Lili |
| LI FRAUMENI SYNDROME | cancer syndrome characterized by the inheritance of an abnormal p53 tumor suppressor. Normal p53, known as the Guardian of the Genome, suppresses cancer and tumor formation. Without p53 tumor suppression, LFS patients often develop spontaneous and widespread tumors at an early age. Frequently, multiple members of the same family suffer from this genetic disorder and there are no approved therapies to specifically treat LFS |
| LICORICE | In sanskrit, it is called sweet stalk. The Greeks named it sweet root. And the Chinese, who may have known about it the longest, dubbed it gancao, which means sweet grass. The strong, dark candy, famous to me as the fastest way to colored saliva, was prized by entire civilizations centuries before Christ. One thing is well established: Licorice--both the plant and the candy made from it--is sweet. Many fans suggest it is 50 times sweeter than table sugar, though some researchers have placed it at more than 150 times sweeter than sucrose. This intense sweetness can be traced to glycyrrhizic acid, a multipurpose molecule that consists of two sugar moieties attached to a steroidlike triterpenoid. The varied properties of the molecule have led to the surprising mix of products that hold licorice today: medicines, cough syrups, herbal supplements, gum, tobacco, drinks, and, of course, candy. Glycyrrhizic acid resides naturally in the root of the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra. A shrubby, woody-rooted plant with feathery leaves and light blue-violet flowers, it grows in the wild in many Middle Eastern, European, and western Asian countries. The branching roots grow down as far as 3 feet and out laterally up to 20 feet. The root is harvested, dried, and sold to licorice processors. They, in turn, boil and beat the extract out and repackage it as solid dark blocks, semifluid syrups, or powders. |
| LIEBESKIND-STROGL COUPLING | Inspired by the way nature uses metal-sulfur interactions in many biochemical processes, chemists at Emory University, Atlanta, have been searching for new synthetic organic methods based on metal-catalyzed transformations of thiocompounds. They've now discovered a unique palladium-catalyzed coupling of thiol esters with boronic acids to give ketones under mild conditions [ J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 11260 (2000) ]. "Because our new reaction proceeds even at pH 4.5 (in acetic acid), the conditions are very mild and will tolerate functional groups that would not survive standard cross-coupling systems," notes chemistry professor Lanny S. Liebeskind , who is also Emory's senior associate dean for science and research. His coauthor and collaborator of the past five years, senior research fellow Jiri Srogl, initiated their work on activation of sulfur-carbon bonds and metal-sulfur interactions several years ago. The Emory team's method for carbon-carbon bond formation, says Paul Reider, vice president of process research at Merck , "opens the door to the use of dual metal-mediated reactions analogous to the elegant ways in which nature uses metal-containing enzymes. We have been so impressed by the novelty and utility of the Liebeskind chemistry that we have provided research support for its study and development. Our belief is that it will provide a tool previously unavailable to the research community." Srogl (left) and Liebeskind [Photo by David Goldsmith] Stephen L. Buchwald , professor of chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, agrees there is a good chance chemists will adopt the method. The Emory researchers have demonstrated that it works on difficult examples, he notes, including thioesters that contain chloromethyl groups, trifluoromethyl groups, or heterocycles with multiple nitrogen atoms. "The reaction is mechanistically distinct from the Suzuki coupling of boronic acids and organic halides, where base is normally used," Liebeskind points out. The researchers are still exploring the mechanism, but they believe the reac-tion proceeds through a catalytically generated acylpalladium-thiolate, which is selectively activated for transmetallation from boron to palladium by copper. Other applications of the protocol are coming soon, Liebeskind says. |
| LIF | 1. Consulta Dr. Francisco 1.1. Espermograma 1.2. Cialis/Viagra.. 1.3. Sem Prostata e possivel erecao. SIM 2. Internet/Biblioteca/Hebraica - Consulta 3. Consulado Costa Rica - Consulta. 4. Verificar se 2 pessoas com relaciona mento estavel morando juntos, mas sem casamento formal podem legalmen te adotar um filho 5. Consultar SEQUENCIA com Dorothy 5.1. Comunicar que quero viver so. 5.2. Dar 1 mes de tempo 5.3. Procurar flat 5.4. Sair c/advogado 5.5. Um mes p/limpar a cabeza 5.6. Procura de mulher mais jovem 5.6.1. Pessoa de Boa Indole 5.6.2. Empatia mutua 5.6.3. No precisa ser judia. 5.7. Perguntar se e casada 5.8. Perguntar si eu convidase a sair, aceitaria 5.9. Convido a sair 5.10. Fase de Conhecimento 5.11. Dase de Namoro c/Sexo.. 5.12. Na hora de assumir compromiso de rel. estavel conversar si pessoa gosta de criancas/ filhos. |
| LIGHT EMITTING DIODE | A p-n junction solid-state diode whose radiated output is a function of its physical construction, material used & exciting current. The output may be in the IR or in the visible region |
| LIPID RAFTS | Separate lipid domains within membranes |
| LIPOSOME | Membrane-bound vesicle formed by dispersion of phospholipid in aq. salt solutions |
| LIQUID CRYSTAL | organic compound whose properties appear to be fluid and crystalline simultaneously |
| LITHOGRAPHIC PLATE | means a support covered with a coating which, after being suitably exposed and developed, is used, as a planographic matrix, in printing processes wherein there is differeritial partition between fatty substances and water |
| LITHOTRIPSY | Urinary Calculi Destruction |
| LIVING POLYMERIZATION | Living polymerizations--whether anionic, cationic, or radical--are defined as chain polymerizations from which irreversible chain transfer and chain termination are absent. In conventional polymerizations, chains terminate when reactive intermediates are destroyed or rendered inactive. In living polymerizations, reactive intermediates are either active or dormant. Control of living polymerizations is achieved through the selection of the amounts and types of reactants needed to prepare polymers with desirable features. |
| LOGIC GATES | elementary computing circuits known as logic gates--which typically are constructed from combinations of FETs |
| LONG QT SYNDROME (Cardiology) | A form of cardiac toxici ty, long QT syndrome disrupts the normal activation & inactivation of electrical currents that control heart ventricles, leading to arrythmia. More than 60 drugs are known or suspected to cause long QT syndrome. Most cases have been traced to blockage of a K ion channel encoded by hERG. |
| LOU GEHRIG S DISEASE | Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis |
| LUMINOL | Compound used as a bystander substrate in assaying the metabolic activation of leucocytes by chemiluminescence. When oxidized by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide system, it emits light. |
| LUPUS NEPHRITIS | Lupus nephritis is a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and is characterized by inflammation of the kidneys. Patients with lupus nephritis typically have damage to the glomerulus and progressive loss of kidney function. In the U.S., SLE affects 1 person in 2000, with higher rates among women and among individuals with African, Asian, and Hispanic genetic heritage. Published studies estimate that clinical renal involvement occurs in at least 30% of those with SLE |
| LUPUS VULGARIS | Skin Tuberculosis |
| LUTEINIZING HORMONE | A gonadotropic protein hormone, secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituita ry gland, that stimulates the final ripening & rupture of the ovarian follicles & the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum; it also stimulates the prodn. of testosterone in the male |
| LYMPH NODE METASTASIS | Non-Lymph Node Primary Tumor Metastasis to Lymph Node |
| LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS | The disease is caused by parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. The worms populate lymphatic vessels, causing the disfigurement called elephantiasis and imposing enormous economic, social, and personal burdens on its victims. |
| LYMPHOCYTOSIS | Peripheral Lymphocyte Release from Lymph Nodes |
| LYOPHILIZATION | rapid freezing of a material at a very low temperature followed by rapid dehydration by sublimation in a high vacuum. |