| GAUCHER'S DISEASE | A genetically inherited metabolic defect in humans that is characterized by an accumulation of cerebrosides in tissues & by an enlargement of the spleen & the liver; due to a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase Lysosomal Storage Disorder |
| GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY | Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a chromatographic method in which molecules are separated based on their size. This method is most widely used in the analysis of polymer molecular weights (or molar mass). The term GPC was used in the beginning of polymer analysis when people used glass columns filled with gels to perform GPC. Nowadays more and more automated and high pressure liquid chromatographic columns are used. Therefore GPC is an old |
| GEL PHASE | Phenomen in which a non-ionic surfactant gels up during dilution in the wash - an un welcome occurrence when quick dissolution is desired |
| GEMINI SURFACTANT | in which each molecule has multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites |
| GENERIC PHARMA DRUG | - Drug whose patent has EXPIRED. - Drug identical to non-generic drug. - Drug approved by FDA or equivalent - Drug marketed with little or no promotion (no trademark) |
| GENITAL WARTS | are usually flesh-colored growths. The types of HPV that cause genital warts are different from the types that can cause cervical cancer. About 2 out of 3 people who have sexual contact with a person who has genital warts will also get them. And even if the genital warts are treated, 25% of cases come back within 3 months if HPV is still present |
| GENOME ANTHOLOGY | collections of a single gene locus from a collection of individuals or organisms |
| GENOME MINING | searching a genome for DNA sequences that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of particular products |
| GENOMICS | is the scientific study of a genome and the roles that genes play, alone and together, in directing growth and development, and in controlling and determining biological structure and function. As the field has grown, it has been broken down into several major branches |
| GERIATRICS | The branch of medicine that deals with the structural changes, physiology, diseases, and hygiene of old age. |
| GERONTOLOGY | The study of aging, from the broadest perspective |
| GIRBOTOL ABSORPTION | Amine absorption. A process for the removal of H2S or CO2 from gas. mixt. An organic amine (ethanolamine etc) is allowed to flow down a tortuous path through a tower where it is contacted by & absorbs (acidic) H2S & CO2 from the gas to be purified as it moves up the tower. The loaded amine is then sent from bottom of tower to a steam stripper, where it flows countercurrent to steam, which strips the H2S & CO2 from it. The amine is then returned to top of tower. The process is widely used in the petroleum industry for purifying refinery & natural gases & for recovery of H2S for S mfg |
| GLAUCOMA | Eye's pathology characterized by a increase in eye's internal pressure, due to problems in eye's fluid flow. There are cases in which this high pressure damages the eye's optical nerve leading to vision loss |
| GLIOBLASTOMA | Glioblastoma is a type of malignant brain tumor that arises from star-shaped cells called, "astrocytes", which support other types of cells in the brain. Glioblastoma multiforme comes by many names, including, "Glioblastoma multiforme," "grade IV astrocytoma," and “GBM” - but all refer to the same tumor. Glioblastoma is one of the most life-threatening forms of cancer. It is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and according to the American Brain Tumor Association, glioblastoma constitutes approximately 23% of the estimated 36,000 primary brain tumors diagnosed in the United States annually, and the incidence for this disease is rising. Glioblastoma is more common in older adults, and affects men more often than women. Because glioblastoma tumors can grow rapidly, the first symptom is an increased pressure in the brain, and can be accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness. Other symptoms may include seizures, memory impairment, or visual changes, depending on the location of the tumor. Because of its rapid and unpredictable growth, it is often difficult to resect the tumor entirely, and recurrence is almost inevitable. Initial treatment often begins with surgery in order to relieve pressure and remove as much of the tumor as possible. Surgery may be accompanied by a radiation and/or chemotherapy. However, these treatments increase survival by just a few weeks. |
| GLITAZONES | 5-Substituted 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones (Diabetes treat) |
| GLOMERULUS | Kidney tissue cells responsible for filtration |
| GLUCOCORTICOID INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS | is bone loss associated with chronic use of glucocorticoid medications. These medications are often prescribed for inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and obstructive pulmonary disease. Globally, an estimated one to three percent of adults over the age of 50 use glucocorticoids. Studies in Europe show that 0.5 to 0.9 percent of the general population and two percent of medical outpatients received prolonged glucocorticoid therapy at any one time.(i) Chronic glucocorticoid therapy is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis(ii), leading to bone loss and an increased risk for fracture. Up to 50 percent of individuals on chronic glucocorticoid therapy will eventually have an osteoporotic fracture.(iii) |
| GLUCURONIDASE | beta-D-Glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase |
| GLUTEN (Foods) | is the characteristic term for the protein mixture of glutelins and gliadins (prolamines) found in cereals |
| GLYCAL | AldoHexose Sugar Deriv. with highly reactive double bond between C-1 & C-2 |
| GLYCOMICS | The most common and versatile modification is the attachment of carbohydrate, which results in the formation of glycoproteins, estimated to make up half of proteins in nature [Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1473, 4 (1999)]. The systematic identification and characterization of all the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins, with the aid of the information derived from the genome, is a major part of "glycomics." |
| GOOD SCIENTIST | people "who understand the scientific method, recognize a problem when they see it, know how to develop solutions to that problem, and go out and demonstrate solutions to that problem." |
| GORHAM PROCESS | Parylene dimer {octafluoro-[2,2] paracyclo phane} is vaporized to parylene monomer |
| GOUT | A metabolic disease that is characterized by an increase in the concn. of uric acid in the serum & its precipitation as Na urate in various tissues of the body; a form of acute arthritis. One type of gout is a genetically inherited metabolic defect due to a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guani- ne phosphoribosyl transferase |
| GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE | severe type of transplant rejection characterized by the donor marrow (graft) producing immune cells that attack multiple organs of the recipient (host). |
| GRAM BACTERIA DESIGNATION | Bacteria are divided into 2 major classes known as GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE, based on the response of the bacteria cell wall to a STAINING PROCEDURE developed in 1884 by the Danish physician HANS C.J. GRAM. Gram-positive bacteria retain the dye Gentian violet used in the staining process, whereas gram-negative bactaria do not. The cell walls of both types of bacteria are made of peptidoglycan, which is composed of covalently linked polysaccharide & polypeptide chains. In gram-positive bacteria, a thick layer of peptidoglycan surrounds the plasma membrane. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall separated from the plasma membrane by an aq compartment known as periplasmic space; an additional thick outer membrane coats the cell wall. The outer membrane consists of lipopolysaccharides, proteins & phospholipids, & accounts for the reason than many antibacterial drugs effective against gram-positive bacteria are inefficient against gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial agents active against both classes are deemed broad spectrum. Typical gram-positive bacteria include "S. aureus", "Streptococcus pneumoniae" (the major cause of community-acquired pneumonia - that is, pneumonia contracted outside a hospital), & the enterococci. The roll call of gram-negative bacteria includes "Neisseria meningitidis" (a cause of meningitis & the rarer meningococcemia), "Escherichia coli" & "Haemophi lus influenzae" |
| GRANULOCYTOPENIA | Granulocytopenia refers to a condition that the number of granulocytes in peripheral blood is decreased, and is a concept including agranulocytosis marked by severe decrease or loss in granulocytes and accompanied by a grave condition. Of these, the agranulocytosis has a high mortality due to infectious diseases. |
| GRAVES DISEASE | An autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormone. This causes such symptoms as nervousness, heat |
| GREEN PROCESS | Processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous or polluting substances |
| GREEN CHEMISTRY | Design, development, & implementation of chemical prodts & processes to reduce or eli minate the use & generation of substances hazardous to human health & the environment |
| GREEN TIRE | So called because they help improve car fuel economy |
| GREENHOUSE EFFECT | Absorption or trapping by the CO2 & water vapor in the atm. of radiation wavelengths above the IR as they are radiated away from the earth. This effect is important in controlling the earth's surface T |
| GRIGNARD COUPLING REACTION | Aryl-Aryl Coupling Reaction Using Aryl-Mg Halide as OrganoMetal Reagent |
| GROWTH HORMONE | The protein hormone that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates body growth, & affects many aspects of metabolism |
| GUERBET ALCOHOL | Guerbet Alcohols are regiospecifically beta branched alcohols. They have been known since the 1890's when Marcel Guerbet first synthesized them. (M. Guerbet, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 128, 511; 1002 (1899)). These materials are high in molecular weight and are liquid to very low temperatures. The guerbet reaction gives very specific branching in the alcohol |
| GYNECOLOGY | Branch of Medicine dealing with Diag.; Etiology; Prevn.; Prognosis & Treat. of diseases specifically affecting women |